Thursday, November 15, 2012

Summative Essay: Much more than dummies holding up cameras



This will be my final blog posting. I have learned a great deal and would like to summarize what I have learned by reflecting on the research process and look back on all that I have learned about the field of film within the last two months.

Section One: Looking through the lens
While researching film and the film industry, I have learned that the industry’s rhetoric involves communicating through the medium of the field, through film, to impact society through an unwritten code of ethics.
Many of my open blogposts consisted of “how to” explanations. The ways that these were presented were in the form of videos. One video entitled, “How Make a Documentary Film” explained the lighting and angles for how to conduct an interview in the best way to explain possible, through the visual medium of film. If this concept was explained using any other medium ,the effect would not be the same nor would it be thoroughly explained.  
While researching by typing “film” into any search bar, it became obvious that film is used as a form of rhetoric for many other careers. Film impacts society greatly; this is why this medium is useful and effective.  In one of my  blog posts, the article I discussed, “The Role of Film in Society”, focuses on the importance of film. Some benefits listed include economic, health and social benefits. Film has been found to be therapeutic. The article states,

Those who never attended the cinema had mortality rates nearly 4 times higher than those who visit the cinema at least occasionally (Konlaan, Bygren, and Johansson 2000). Their finding holds even when other forms of social engagement are controlled, suggesting that social engagement specifically in an artistic milieu is important for human survival.
   
Film has become a social past time and a useful tool for a variety of careers across the nation.

In some ways, film is like journalism. The goal is to report the truth or to tell the real story. But having said that, some filmmakers are accused of being “sellouts” who only make films that will appeal to the masses and don’t have any redeeming value to society. They make these films for pure entertainment. This brings up the idea of a code of ethics. One article that I found while blogging tells of a code of ethics, “Be courteous to your contributors (give appropriate credit where it is due). Whenever possible give copies of the finished program, a copy of a long edit of an appropriate scene, and/or publicity photographs to the people who helped you” (Code of Ethics).  Giving credit to those that deserve it is important. Originality is as important in the field as the impact of the art on society is to the industry.

A competition that remakes films was meant to inspire the new generation to look back on old technology to create new art forms. The Celluloid Remix competition’s theme for this year was modern times and the film-maker’s perspectives on modernity. The most effective way for film to be explained is through film. Film is necessary to society and impacts our culture as a whole in a variety of ways.        

Section Two: Sharpening the focus

My blogging experience has revised my thinking of obtaining a career in film. As I was learning more about the industry, the less interested and passionate I became.
            Currently I am studying to become a teacher, but I wanted to explore film and theater. Within the past few years I have created a vision in my mind that I have wanted to bring to life through film or theater. In order to make this happen I would need to learn the ins and outs of the industries. I have always been intrigued by careers within the visual arts and I used this research opportunity to find out more about them. I also wanted to acquire the knowledge of how I could come closer to making my idea a reality. At first I thought that I was interested in theater but then I found myself veering towards film. Before researching, I was unsure of what I would learn. I was naïve about how difficult the process of making a video was because I was new to all of the aspects of film. Researching forced me to see how inexperienced I was and still am.
As I began my research, I decided to utilize the special blogs for posts about the physical act of making a film. I found the answers to be long and tedious. I am not technologically inclined; I would much rather work with people than machines. It was difficult for me to comprehend each video I saw on making films because my knowledge was so basic; this compelled me to do more research on the topics. The questions and answers never ceased.

I realized how much work it is to create a film when I tried to make one myself . I read and saw how much is put into making a film such as the equipment, lighting, angles, audio, acting, actors, and scenery just to name a few, but the complexity of it all hit me when I tested the experience out for myself. I needed better equipment and knowledge that I could not obtain or learn simply by researching on the internet.

As the weeks went on, I grasped the fact that before this project I was only interested in the end result of what filmmakers, directors, and producers create. I had romanticized what these jobs were. When you learn about what happens “behind the scenes”, you see all the dirty work behind the beautiful art. I now know that I am not cut out to become a filmmaker anytime soon because I am not passionate or interested in all of the components of film, only the final product.  When I began to look at all of the schooling needed and the difficulty of starting up a career, I knew that I had neither the motivation nor enough preparation for this job that I would hope to do for the rest of my life. I could not see myself being happy struggling to find motivation.  If I was interested, shouldn't the process of blogging have been more entertaining?

            One thing that I have done well is showing all of the different aspects of film that led me to realize that this will not be the career pathway that I take. I explored the majors for film, the different ways to create a 
film as an independent filmmaker and how film is relevant to our culture.

            One thing that I struggled with specifically with researching for this project was finding research to answer the questions for the “special blog posts”.  Many times I found myself morphing the question being asked to make apply it to my field and to fit the research that I found. Many of the “special blog post” questions could be applied easily to a more conventional job, possibly one within the medical field. One example of this was the controversy blog.  It was hard to research film because my field is a medium of communication that many other careers and our society utilize. 

I will use what I have learned through researching a field to help me research in the future. Possible research I may do in the future would include finding answers to the last questions I have about my topic. Question I have yet to answer include: Is there something I can do with my basic knowledge of film within the field? How are the careers within film and teaching similar? Although I found out that film is no longer what I want to major in, I am happy that I found an answer for this possibility. It closes one door but gives me an opportunity to open others.

"Code of Ethics." Filmmakers for Conservation. N.p., 30 July 2008. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.

"The Role of Film in Society." Thought Economics . N.p., 19 June 2011. Web. 6 Nov. 2012.

Thursday, November 8, 2012

Recognizing Significance


One article, “The Role of Film in Society” speaks of the importance of film in society. Multiple reasons that film is important in society are listed. A few mentioned are the economic, health and social benefits. The money spent and profited each year from film is astronomical. This creates jobs for the people and revenue for companies. Film has become an important past time for America. The article states, “Cinema has become a powerful vehicle for culture, education, leisure and propaganda.”  Film has been found to be therapeutic. The article states, “cinema attendance can be both a personally expressive experience, good fun, and therapeutic at the same time.” One finding that was discussed within the article was the groundbreaking results of a study who attend the movies. The study found,
Those who never attended the cinema had mortality rates nearly 4 times higher than those who visit the cinema at least occasionally (Konlaan, Bygren, and Johansson 2000). Their finding holds even when other forms of social engagement are controlled, suggesting that social engagement specifically in an artistic milieu is important for human survival.
Film has become a social past time that has resulted in health benefits. Bringing films to people means bringing peace and harmony to their souls and a comfortable mindset.


"The Role of Film in Society." Thought Economics . N.p., 19 June 2011. Web. 6 Nov. 2012.

"Memories"



For one of my last blogs I wanted to post a video for my blog readers. After viewing many videos I keep going back to the same video. The video titled, “Memories” has stuck with me since the first time I viewed it. The video is an inspirational video that reminds me of the visual art that I want to create. The delivery and style is original and emotional. The video shows an older gentleman finding strips of film with memories of his life on them. At the end the memories begin to fade. I love the use of film strips in a film and the idea that a film can capture memories. I have learned to appreciate the many rhetorical elements of film but for this video I did not analyze it thoroughly; I merely enjoyed the video. I have posted the video link below. I hope that you enjoy it as much as I did! 

THE VIDEO: "Memories"
            
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85HDu87TGy0

The History of Film

            While researching different films I realized that I did not know the history of film! I was shocked when I realized I had gone all this time without truly knowing.
            After I had this epiphany I wanted to found out more about how film came to be where it is today. I found a great video on the internet that displays a timeline of film and technology.
            As a visual learner I appreciate the artwork within the video and the explanations. I love that videos can be a great tool for learning. The video was made by the creator drawing pictures on boards while talking about multiple inventions made throughout the centuries. The drawings were sped up with a voice over. I learned about history and I learned about a new method of filming!

A Brief History of Film- Animated Documentary. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2012.
What I have learned:A few key inventions throughout history...

1.      Camera Obscura
2.      Magic Lantern
3.      Phenakistoscope
4.      Zeoptrope
      5.      Zoopraxinoscope
6.      Phonograph
7.      Mutoscope
8.      Kinetoscope
ü  George Eastman invented film
ü  Motion picture was created by many inventors

Remixing

                The remix I found that is considered a remix film is the winning video of the Film Remix Competition Celluloid Remix. The theme for this year’s competition was modern times and the film-makers’ perspectives on modernity.


The film “Untitled” by Dániel Szöllösi displays three ipods showing old film clips. In the end the middle ipod captures the film-maker himself capturing the video.
                I have used the RAIDS format below to critically read and respond to the video.
The audience is film makers across the world and more specifically the film community that is involved with the Celluloid Remix competition. The purpose of the films for this competition was to use old clips and to remix them into something modern.
The success of the film’s rhetoric is the focus of modern film meeting the classic videos used in the modern film. The modern spin on the old vides creates a new perspective for all films and the use of technology. The ideas created in one’s mind while watching show just how thought provoking a remix such as this one can be.
“Both professionals and amateurs were presented with the challenge of creating new short films by remixing their own soundtrack with this extraordinary footage. It is unique digital film material from the early days of Dutch cinema, the era of the silent film" (Celluloid Remix)


Untitled . Prod. Dániel Szöllösi. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.
"Celluloid Remix." Images for the Future . N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2012.
Links to where you can view the video:
http://celluloidremix.openbeelden.nl/media/125755/Untitled

Revision
Arrangement
Invention
Delivery
Style
New technology has been developed from old technology
The use of modern technology to show old technology


Three ipods: modern
goes to classic
to modern
cyclical
Three pieces of technology
Films being filmed
Silent films
Old films
New technology
Classic films still exist
The ideas of remixing
Why remix the two?
What is the purpose?
Has this been done before?
Modern technology showing old technology
Surprise ending
The film turns “grainy”(as though it were being filmed)
films being filmed
Stops and starts
Modern meets Classic
Irony
The end-surprising
repetitive

Open Blog Post-Interview Follow Up


In a previous blog post I had written about an interview I was going to be conducting.  I listed the various questions I was prepared to ask but unfortunately I never received responses to the many emails I sent. Although this blog project is ending soon I hope to interview someone at Michigan State University, hopefully a professor, about the field.   
            What have I learned from this experience? I have learned that although researching is not always easy that does not mean that you should stop. Throughout my research of various topics I have come to road blocks that I will admit have discouraged me but the only thing you can do to overcome the road blocks is to look for a new way to find answers. Throughout my short time at college I have learned that using unconventional methods of research will cause one to find more than using conventional methods (knowledge wise). The experience of finding information is a learning experience within itself.
I will keep emailing and searching for those who can answer my questions I am so interested in finding the answers to.  

Putting My Knowledge to the Test


This week’s assignment was to attempt a hands-on experience. I was unable to experience anything on campus but I did attempt a basic skill of film with some help from my friends.
The setup: One of my friends was known to produce hilarious films in our high school for various class projects. I asked him to help me out with some equipment such as a camera and his computer to format the video. Luckily he was willing to help me.
The attempt: I gathered a few of my friends on campus by the Red Cedar to make a video. My goal for this “shoot” was to test out different techniques that I had been learning about. We shot a few “scenes” (which all ended up as great bloopers) to get a feel for filming. After getting about 15 minutes of footage we went back to edit it. The editing process was much more extensive than I would have previously thought. I learned how to set background music, cut clips, and set up text to the video.
The result: For a first time film director and producer I felt as though I had accomplished something. The film will only be something that I look back on and laugh at as my first attempt but I hope to grow as I further my knowledge in the field.
What I have learned: From this attempt using only my basic knowledge and help from friends I learned how difficult putting your knowledge to the test really is. I am glad that I tried it but it also made me realize how much more work I have to do to get to where I want my films to be.

I hope my experiences will encourage others to try new things and learn from all of the glorious mistakes!

Thursday, October 18, 2012

Controversial Censorship

“The Climb of Controversial Film Content” by Ashley Haygood discusses the controversial issue of censorship within the film industry.  The article describes the history of censorship. It is explained that 100 years ago there was an ordinance that gave the Superintendent of Police in Chicago authority to issue permits for different motion pictures and that these permits could be refused if the film was seen as “obscene, portrays a depravity, criminality or lack of virtue of a class of citizens of any race, color, creed of religion…”(Jowett, 1990). This was the beginning of censorship in motion pictures. The amount of censorship grew within the industry.  Bowman stated his opinion on the issue saying, “What has happened since the end of the Hays Code and its replacement by the Motion Picture Association's ‘rating’ system…has been an aesthetic and moral collapse of standards, especially in the last decade or so…”(Bowman, 2003, p.70) Bowman disagreed with the ratings that were given to film by the Motion Picture Association of America.

Haygood writes, “after 1934, films were guaranteed to be viewable by everyone, as the National
Legion of Decency and the Hays Code took over content censorship, banning long kisses,adultery, double beds, the words “damn” and “hell” and even nude babies.”

After World War II images on the screen were changing from the “squeaky clean images” that were being shown before.

Haygood talks about his research and tells of his results finding that over the years profanity, violence, sexual references, and nudity have increased within films overall. Censorship has changed as American culture has developed over the decades.

In conclusion, the two sides of the debate over censorship in film are that censorship is needed and that censorship has gone too far. Hagwood discusses the idea of propaganda through film and through the censorship of film; what the MPAA is allowing the public to view.  


Bowman, J. (2003). Breaking the code [Electronic version]. American Spectator, 36, 70-72.
Haygood, Ashley. "The Climb of Controversial Film Content." N.p., May 2007. Web. 16 Oct. 2012.

Jowett, G. (1990). Moral responsibility and commercial entertainment: social control in the

United States film industry, 1907-1968 [Electronic version]. Historical Journal of Film,

Radio & Television,10, 3-32.

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

TV and Film Jobs


As I explore more of this field I am realizing how many opportunities there are that I had no idea about. I have found a large list of varying jobs listed in the article, “TV and Film Job Descriptions that Media Match Offers.” I found it intriguing that there is such a variety of jobs to explore. There is a job for everyone with almost every possible interest. There are jobs for creators such as writers and animators. There are even jobs for pilots that can involve film. I will never be at a loss for a job opportunity; this is encouraging in this day and age.
I am most interested in the job descriptions of Director of Photography, Director or Producer, Project Manager, Art Director.
I hope to explore these jobs more in depth as I begin to narrow my research.

"Art Director
Art Directors act as project managers for the biggest department on any film - the art department. They facilitate the production designer's creative vision for all the locations and sets that eventually give the film its unique visual identity. Art Directors are responsible for the art department budget and schedule of work, and help the production designer to maximize the money allocated to the department. Art Directors are usually requested by the production designer, and are responsible for…"
"Director / Producer
The Director/Producer is the lead creative artist on set. He or she will communicate with the talent what is exactly needed to convey a particular scene. Often times the Director/Producer will be heavily involved in the casting, script editing, scene selection, and shot composition…"
"Director of Photography
The Director of Photography is usually referred to as the DP and is responsible for selecting all camera equipment for the production and liaising with the technical director. The Director of Photography decides what lights and related camera equipment are needed and procures these. The Director of Photography is ultimately in charge of the photographic quality of the show and heads up a crew. They are responsible to the director…"
"Project Manager
Project Manager is the lead in planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives…"
"TV and Film Job Descriptions that Media Match Offers." Media Match . N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.

Thursday, October 11, 2012

Evaluating Sources



While researching articles that related to the field of film I came across a scholarly article that discussed that “musical soundtracks can influence the interpretation, emotional impact, and remembering of film information.” This was not so much of an argument as it was an explanation of findings after an experiment had been conducted.
From researching this field for over a month now I have found other sources that have had similar findings to this article.
 For delivery and tone music is essential in films. In any movie there is a particular soundtrack for specific genres. Many times music is used as a way to foretell what is to come. Often, this is used in movies for suspense. This article focuses on more than the use of foreshadowing and tone. This article brings up the idea that music or musical soundtracks mean much more to the “cognitive system.”
The results of the experiment conducted were fascinating. Viewers that were asked to watch clips with music that was congruent with their mood at the time remembered more than if the music was incongruent with their moods. Memory has now become a factor in how one looks at films.
             Music is an important part of film emotionally and cognitively as these results have proven. I would be interested to know if any more research has been done on this topic and I am going to research more within the next few weeks.


Boltz, Marilyn G. "The Cognitive Processing of Film and Musical Soundtracks." Memory & Cognition (pre-2011) 32.7 (2004): 1194-205. ABI/INFORM Complete; ProQuest Psychology Journals; ProQuest Research Library. Web. 11 Oct. 2012.

Lighting Explained

“Lights!”
“Camera!”“Action!”
A filmmaker cannot forget the “Lights!”
This week’s “how to” tutorial is focused on lighting.
Lighting is meant to “set the mood and create depth using shadows and textures” for the film, this was described by one filmmaker in, “Filmmaking: Part One.” (Lighting tutorials are listed below)
For technical reasons, lighting is needed because, “the camera requires more light to process an image than an eye,” this is explained in the video “Three Point Lighting.”
The first two videos use the techniques they are explaining for the visual learners out there. The third video has no visuals techniques are explained well. These videos are heavily focused on lighting characters which will be important for any project.

I have found that 3 point lighting is a popular technique for video lighting. This includes a key light, fill light, and a backlight.

HELPFUL TIPS:
 For darker skin tones, use a large soft light that is placed close to the camera. Avoid light colored clothing and a bright background.
For lighter skin tones, avoid dark clothing and backgrounds.
SAFETY TIPS:
Make sure none of the equipment is broken before you use any of it.
Use gloves for touching the lights.
Tape down any cables; this may be a tripping hazard.
I have also included a link for lighting terminology and how to keep to your low budget. http://www.scottspears.net/Lowbudgetinglighting.htm
Lighting Tutorials:
3.       http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6yRQnFD-_8


Filmmaking: Lighting part one. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.



Three Point Lighting. 2008. Web. 3 Nov. 2012.
Three point video lighting tutorial. 2010. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.







Thursday, October 4, 2012

Code of Ethics



One aspect within the genre of film making that is common today is Filmmaking for Conservation. This is where those who are passionate about preserving the Earth film the natural world. On the Filmmakers for Conservation website I have found a “Code of Ethics” that is displayed below.  
Although I do not want to go into the specific field of filming for conservation, I do agree with aspects of their “code”. I believe that many principles listed below apply to the field as a whole. The statement that “images or script that give an audience abnormal, false or misleading information about a subject or its behavior should be avoided” is a statement that I think should be focused on in the world of media. Too much today is skewed for the public’s eye and this should be avoided at all costs. Number 7 states, “Be courteous to your contributors (give appropriate credit where it is due). Whenever possible give copies of the finished program, a copy of a long edit of an appropriate scene, and/or publicity photographs to the people who helped you.” In this field, just like in any other field of communication plagiarism can be an issue. If you used someone else’s work, in any way, credit should be given. You are taught this as a young child in school that cheating is bad. Cheating is never the right thing to do nor is it legal in this sense.
One way that I am preparing for this field is how I have learned to communicate. In my writing class we have learned to focus on genre, delivery, and purpose. These are essential in the film industry. These are also essential for the films that I hope to make one day. Without a purpose there is no reason for film in my eye.


At this moment in time I have not proclaimed my major as film but instead it is education. I hope to make steps toward the field of film by joining clubs and taking classes for film at Michigan State.


PRINCIPLES
1. Always place the welfare of the subject above all else.
2. Ensure that your subjects are not caused any physical harm, anxiety, consequential predation or lessened reproductive success by your activities.
3. Don’t do anything that will permanently alter the natural behaviour of your subject. Be aware that habituation, baiting, and feeding may place your subjects at risk and may be lethal.
4. It is unacceptable to restrict or restrain an animal by any means to attract a predator.
5. Subjects should never be drugged or restrained in order to alter their behaviour for the sole purpose of filming.
6. Be aware of and follow all local and national laws regarding wildlife where you are filming.
7. Be courteous to your contributors (give appropriate credit where it is due). Whenever possible give copies of the finished program, a copy of a long edit of an appropriate scene, and/or publicity photographs to the people who helped you.
8. Images or script that give an audience abnormal, false or misleading information about a subject or its behaviour should be avoided.
9. Always research your subject prior to filming.


GUIDELINES FOR WORKING IN THE FIELD
Restore all sites to their original state before you leave (for example: tie back rather than cut vegetation).
Be aware and take precautions, as some species will permanently quit a site just because of your odour.
Keep film, video equipment, and crewmembers at a distance sufficient to avoid site or subject disturbance.
Night shooting with artificial lights can require precautions to avoid making the subject vulnerable to predation.
Be prepared to meet unexpected conditions without damaging the environment or subject. Be especially prepared and deal with any people attracted by your activities as they could put the subject at risk.
Be aware that filming a den or nest site could attract predators.
The use of tame or captive animals should be acknowledged. If using tame or captive animals:
a. Ensure the subject receives proper care.


b. The subject’s trainer or custodian should always be present during filming.


 "Code of Ethics." Filmmakers for Conservation. N.p., 30 July 2008. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.


How to Interview for a Documentary


How To...
In a previous blog posting of mine I talked about how I would conduct an interview with someone from “my field.” I know the logistics of how to interview someone in person but I never thought of how to interview someone for the camera.
This may seem easy to do, right? All you have to do is get someone to interview and you set them in front of a camera.
That is also what I thought but I have found that there is much more to the process than that.
 As I am learning more about my field, the industry, and the actual process of making a film, I am learning how intricate all of it is!
Below I have posted a link to a How To video for interviewing for a documentary.
The main ideas that one must focus on when interviewing for the camera are…

1.              Must film in a quiet place

2.              Lights: One in front of interviewee and behind (let it reflect in their eyes for the camera)

3.              Never have the interviewee look at the camera

4.              Position the interviewer to the side of the camera

5.              Repeat the first questions asked later on

6.              Send them a list of questions that will be asked beforehand

How to Make a Documentary Film. Web. 14 Nov. 2012.